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91.
Ravi Nandi Wolfgang Bokelmann Nithya Vishwanath Gowdru Gustavo Dias 《国际粮食与农业综合企业市场学杂志》2013,25(1):74-99
ABSTRACTConsumer organic food choice motives and purchase preferences were studied in a structured quantitative survey (N = 201) in Bangalore, with the aim of identifying consumer segments based on these motives and preferences. Further, sociodemographic differences between the clusters were studied. Face-to-face interviews were used to sample the data, which were analyzed with factor and k-means cluster analysis (SPSS 16.0). Five latent factors were identified based on the motives, representing a set of consumer concerns labeled here as “food phobia” (health),” “environment,” “humanity,” “healthy eaters,” and “control.” Further, three clusters emerged from these motives representing 38%, 37%, and 25% of the sample size. The factors differ in terms of variance. Here, the records of perceived healthiness (food phobia) were the most important element, explaining 18.37% of the total variance. These clusters were differing in terms of the level and order of motivations. The health factor was a most important motive in two clusters, followed by environment. Further, humanity was the most important motive for the third cluster. This may reflect a heterogeneous nature of consumers in study area. Additionally, five clusters were identified based on the preferences, and profiles of these clusters differed in terms of sociodemographic factors and consumption pattern. Segments were identified based on motivating factors and preferences, and linking them with food choice motives and products preference provides the input needed by marketing professionals and policy makers to calibrate more efficient marketing strategies to better focus and position their products and design their communication strategies for target segments. 相似文献
92.
When the world shifted to the regime of flexible exchange rates after 1970, economists expected that large trade imbalances would soon disappear. Instead, such imbalances not only persisted but soared in the 1980s and 1990s, in spite of significant changes in important currencies such as the yen, the mark and the dollar. This paper reports that manufacturing importers tend to suffer trade deficits whereas exporters of manufacturing products tend to enjoy trade surpluses. The reason lies in the higher rates of productivity growth experienced by exporters of manufactures. 相似文献
93.
NON-WELFARIST OPTIMAL TAXATION AND BEHAVIOURAL PUBLIC ECONOMICS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. Research in behavioural economics has uncovered the widespread phenomenon of people making decisions against their own good intentions. In these situations, the government might want to intervene, indeed individuals might want the government to intervene, to induce behaviour that is closer to what individuals wish they were doing. The analysis of such corrective interventions, through taxes and subsidies, might be called 'behavioural public economics'. However, such analysis, where the government has an objective function that is different from that of individuals, is not new in public economics. In these cases the government is said to be 'non-welfarist' in its objectives, and there is a long tradition of non-welfarist welfare economics, especially the analysis of optimal taxation and subsidy policy where the outcomes of individual behaviour are evaluated using a preference function different from the one that generated the outcomes. First of all the object of this paper is to present a unified view of the non-welfarist optimal taxation literature and, second, to present behavioural public economics as a natural special case of this general framework. 相似文献
94.
Contracts, norms, and plural form governance 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Joseph P. Cannon Ravi S. Achrol Gregory T. Gundlach 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2000,28(2):180-194
The organization of interfirm exchanges has become of critical importance in today’s business environment. Many scholars have
criticized the inadequacies of legal contracts as mechanisms for governing exchange, especially in the face of uncertainty
and dependence. Other scholars argue that it is not the contracts per se but the social contexts in which they are embedded
that determine their effectiveness. This study investigates the performance implications of governance structures involving
contractual agreements and relational social norms, individually and in combination (plural form) under varying conditions
and forms of transactional uncertainty and relationship-specific adaptation. Hypotheses are developed and tested on a sample
of 396 buyer-seller relationships. The results provide support for the plural form thesis—increasing the relational content
of a governance structure containing contractual agreements enhances performance when transactional uncertainty is high, but
not when it is low. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Joseph P. Cannon (Ph.D., University of North Carolina) is an assistant professor of marketing at Colorado State University. His areas of research
interest include the effective management of business-to-business buyer-seller relationships in domestic and international
markets. His research has appeared in theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Marketing, theAcademy of Management Review, theJournal of Public Policy & Marketing, and other publications. He is a member of the Editorial Review Board of theJournal of Marketing.
Ravi S. Achrol (Ph.D., Northwestern University) is a professor of marketing and global management research professor in the School of Business
and Public Administration at George Washington University. Prior to joining George Washington University in 1991, he served
for 10 years on the faculty of the University of Notre Dame. His areas of research interests include interorganization theory
and marketing strategy. His articles have appeared in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, Social Science Research, theJournal of Business Strategy, theJournal of Public Policy and Marketing, and various other publications. He is a member of the Editorial Review Board of theJournal of Marketing.
Gregory T. Gundlach (Ph.D. J.D. University of Tennessee) is an associate professor of marketing in the College of Business Administration at
the University of Notre Dame. His areas of research interest include theories of exchange governance, industrial organization,
and antitrust policy. His articles have appeared in theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, Marketing Science, theJournal of Public Policy & Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, Antitrust Bulletin, and other publications. He is a member of the Editorial Review Board of theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Public Policy & Marketing, and theJournal of Retailing. 相似文献
95.
96.
The typical view of a marketing channel is that of a manufacturer-designed and-controlled distribution system. However, today,
marketing functions, as well as market power, are more evenly distributed in the channel. In organizing and managing the modern
channel, it is important to understand the business circumstances and priorities confronting channel members. This article
studies how reseller firms establish their goal hierarchies and how these goals are related to performance. It hypothesizes
that goal priorities emerge in relation to the environmental imperatives faced by the firm. The article develops hypotheses
that are tested on survey data collected from a sample of franchisee firms, using structural equation models. The results
support all the hypotheses about the effects of primary goals on performance. The effects of secondary goals are not unequivocal
but informative nevertheless. Overall, the study points to interesting theoretical and managerial conclusions.
Ravi S. Achrol (raachrol@mail.wvu.edu) (Ph.D., Northwestern University) is the Kmart Professor of Marketing in the College of Business &
Economics at West Virginia University. Previously, he has served on the faculties of the George Washington University and
the University of Notre Dame. His areas of research interest include distribution channels, marketing strategy, interorganizational
relations, and network organization. His articles have appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Public Policy and Marketing, theJournal of Retailing, Social Science Research, theJournal of Business Strategy, and various other publications.
Michael J. Etzel (michael.j.etzel.1@nd.edu) (DBA, University of Colorado) is a professor of marketing at the University of Notre Dame. He
has previously served on the faculties of the University of Kentucky and Utah State University. His areas of research include
marketing management and strategy, retailing, and buyer behavior. In 1996–1997, he served as chair of the Board of the American
Marketing Association. His research has appeared in a variety of publications, most notably theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of Consumer Research, and theJournal of Retailing. 相似文献
97.
98.
Ravi Kanbur Tuuli Paukkeri Jukka Pirttilä Matti Tuomala 《International Tax and Public Finance》2018,25(1):64-98
The existing literature on optimal taxation typically assumes there exists a capacity to implement complex tax schemes, which is not necessarily the case for many developing countries. We examine the determinants of optimal redistributive policies in the context of a developing country that can only implement linear tax policies due to administrative reasons. Further, the reduction of poverty is typically the expressed goal of such countries, and this feature is also taken into account in our model. We derive the optimality conditions for linear income taxation, commodity taxation, and public provision of private and public goods for the poverty minimization case and compare the results to those derived under a general welfarist objective function. We also study the implications of informality on optimal redistributive policies for such countries. The exercise reveals non-trivial differences in optimal tax rules under the different assumptions. 相似文献
99.
Ravi Sarathy Ph.D. John Edmunds Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1983,11(3):226-239
This paper examines the relationship between international marketing strategy, foreign sales performance and overall corporate performance for a small sample of 39 New England high technology firms. The results show that existence of an international marketing commitment is beneficial to overall corporate performance; however, no incremental contribution to corporate performance is evident from the use of foreign manufacturing operations over foreign sales subsidiaries. 相似文献
100.
Fifty Years of Regional Inequality in China: a Journey Through Central Planning, Reform, and Openness 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
The paper constructs and analyzes a long‐run time series for regional inequality in China from the Communist Revolution to the present. There have been three peaks of inequality in the last fifty years, coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s. Econometric analysis establishes that regional inequality is explained in the different phases by three key policy variables—the ratio of heavy industry to gross output value, the degree of decentralization, and the degree of openness. 相似文献